Commonality and difference between stage lighting and TV lighting

Chongqing Radio and Television Group (Headquarters)

Stage art is a form of performance that is unfolded on the stage. The general stage mouth is 12m wide, 7m high frame type, and three walls. All kinds of dramas will be performed on the stage. At the same time, the stage lighting can only be in the 12m×7m frame-type, three-walled stage, and enter the art of lighting. The lighting is often restricted by the size of the stage. It is divided into several categories: face light, ear light, column light, reflective light, back light and top light.

First of all, the formation of a drama, it must be repeated rehearsal, in the process of rehearsal, lighting design must be involved, that is, we are talking about the preparatory stage, while watching the rehearsal, remember the actor's dispatch position, and then draw Out of the light map, where special lights are needed, and where the spot light needs to be processed, all of which must be determined in advance in the design. Next, the entry of the lights, the lighting of the system, the position of the lights on the stage and The lights are limited. Several scenes often occupy the space of the lights. Sometimes the position of a lamp is deadlocked with the device. After the lighting is installed, the lights are rehearsed and rehearsed. The stage drama is especially about the atmosphere. Modeling light, ambient light, all these lighting design must be considered, but also must be comprehensive, the lighting should change with the changes of the plot, but also with the rhythm of the plot, the real and rich atmosphere in the stage, It can express the character and convey the atmosphere of life. At the same time, the atmosphere of the environment echoes the audience's psychology and expresses the character, occupation and hobby of the character. On the stage, the actors' performances must exaggerate their physical movements, and the actors often rely on furniture, trees, and relying on performances to be more convenient, more natural and generous, and can also be reflected on the stage (morning, noon, evening or moonlight, etc.). This point is mainly based on the requirements of the script, the rendering of the environment and characters, portraying conflicts between different scenes and different characters. In short, all the lights and performances make the whole drama become one, they complement each other and can complement each other. To make the perfect lighting and plot become harmonious and unified. The stage gives less space for lighting, and the actors perform on a framed stage. The distance between the actors and the audience is too far. At this point, the TV lights can greatly reflect their talents and effective space. Play more freely, the lamp position can be changed at random.

The commonality between stage lighting and TV lights is the use of lamps to create lighting in different situations. After the lighting on the stage is installed in one place, it is only a small adjustment. The stage area is only 12m×7m. It is really not easy to show the life side perfectly. It is even more remarkable, so many places are worth learning. In the past two years, the author has participated in the shooting of a series of 360 episodes, all of which provide a lot of material for their own lighting creation, three different sitcoms, "Farmer House", "Country House", "Children and Girls" In different scenes and different places, in the city and in the town, the TV light art does not simply supply the light of the camera, nor does it simply meet the illumination requirements of the production technology. Instead, it uses light to participate in artistic creation, and uses light to depict and shape the image in front of the camera. This is the fundamental task of TV lighting. With the development of the TV industry and the evolution of the TV form, the audience's appreciation of TV art and aesthetic requirements, the concept of TV aesthetics, the concept of light are also undergoing profound changes, people are not satisfied with TV art works. Simply telling the story, explaining the plot, fixing or lighting, and increasingly paying attention to and pursuing the true and natural light effects. Today, when TV is developing at an alarming rate, we must learn from the stage lighting and the lighting. In practice, summarize the success of TV lighting.

Compared with TV lighting, stage lighting is often constrained by effective space, and TV is much more flexible. The scene is bigger than the stage. Because it is not restricted by the environment, they are also virtual and real. TV reflects war scenes and earthquake scenes. Everything is very difficult. It can only be demonstrated by using a skylight plus a slideshow or a TV projection or a movie machine. The formation of a stage play, the light intervention is earlier, usually in about two months, and a 20-episode TV series cycle is only two months, so the TV lighting designer will go to the director after the scene. After completing the task of lighting, where is the main light of the whole field determined, what kind of character shape effect is achieved, and where the character outline light is used, all the TV lighting designers must be determined in a short time and provided to the camera. . The actors on the stage are often exaggerated, and a picture is just a pair of eyes. The close-up of the flowers allows the audience to see the flower core and the petals. All the pictures have to rely on the correct lamp position of the light, and the camera can be completed with the correct illumination. It is related to the difference between the whole camera character and the scene, the bright and dark relationship between the foreground and the consequences, the big circle of the clear and the scene is faint, the small aperture is clear, and the character is more illuminating, so it is necessary to pay attention to the relationship before and after, giving the character and the scene correct. The illumination and the processing of the character's shape light.

TV art relies on the image language as a means of expression, reflects the plot, conveys the intention of scriptwriting and drama, and uses the unique tools to depict the external form and inner emotions of the various activities in front of the camera. Visual perception, the light reflects the different external structure of different objects, often giving the audience different impressions. Through the actual external appearance of these “tangible” images, the inner essence of the whole is finally reflected. Some characteristics of TV art are often It should be attached to the light to reflect. For example, before the painter draws the painting, the canvas or the paper-painter is a blank. The pen and the pigment can be used to draw the appearance. Through the effective processing of the light, the high-quality image can be presented on the TV screen. Artistic image.

The stage art pays attention to the color and rich color relationship, while the TV pays attention to the color temperature, the stage uses the virtual scenery, the hypothetical space, and the TV is the real scene shooting, the real spatial relationship, the stage is mainly the atmosphere and the character shape light. Mainly, and the basic stage 12m×7m three-wall wall-frame stage performance, it is difficult for the audience to see the subtle performance of the actor, and the TV can use a specific way to appear a pair of eyes of the character in a picture, which can give the audience a larger The shock, for the close-up of the character must pay attention to the grasp of the lamp position.

By the way, mention more about the relationship and position of the person's light position. When the light rotates around the subject in a horizontal position, the nose shadow will expand obliquely, forming a strong shape on the far side from the light. On the other side of the light, the contour is often lost, and the shadow on the corner of the eye farther away from the light increases because the nose shadow crosses it. In the process, the side of the face receives light and the side light increases. In the shadow part, the position of the front side light (crossing light) commonly used for lighting is generally 45° horizontal/45° straight. In this position, the shadow of the nose and eyebrows is connected with the shadow of the cheek on the side far away from the light. Forming a triangular light on it, it is undeniable that under normal circumstances, some sub-lights (auxiliary light) are added to make the picture softer, but the lighting design must consider whether there is any conflict with the character shape. If the plot needs a large contrast effect, then It is not necessary to add a secondary light to supplement, so as not to be counterproductive. The stage is often also used to depict characters, but this TV is more intense, and it is still a position and high and low. If the light is behind the subject, at 12 o'clock / 9 o'clock straight, facing the camera (at 6 o'clock / 3 o'clock straight. The lights are covered by the characters), the lights only illuminate the ears and hair The outer edge contour, the light level will rise over the subject, directly into the camera lens, the light will rise to 10 points straight ~ 11 points straight (30 ° ~ 60 °) position, shoulders, head, hair It will gradually be illuminated, and the contours of the outer edges and the texture of the skin on both shoulders will gradually become clearer. The steep backlight (11 to 12 o'clock straight) will create a dark beak on the chest to form a shadow and a white nose (when the subject looks up or leans back, it is too easy to produce this Defect), the skewed backlight (ie 11 o'clock / 10 o'clock straight or 1 o'clock / 10 o'clock straight) is more asymmetrical, with a contour light on one side of the head and neck, one side The other side of the shoulder is brighter and the backlight is too skewed. We will find the unilateral nature of the contour light. One side of the face receives more light, and at the same time, the highlighted ear appears. The wide shadow of the forward projection gradually becomes the side of the eye. A contour of light appears in the eyebrows and temples, making the eye socket appear dark. However, the oblique backlight is illuminated from the side opposite to the main light, which will clearly outline the face, and the backlight will be illuminated on the same side of the main light. The face will reinforce the surface brightness that has been illuminated by the main light, which may cause overexposure and weaken the main light, the shape in this area, and where the main light and backlight are on the same side of the head, the face The lighting will appear to be sideways. In the standard of using backlighting, the change is bilateral contour light. This kind of lighting also uses 11-point horizontal and 1-point horizontal position to make a contour light on both sides of the captured person. This method often appears in Studio, the image of the announcer. In short, backlighting and side lighting are very helpful for character modeling, but you must master the position of the lamp, pay attention not to form a clip, stage backlight and TV backlight are both a distant relationship.

Stage lighting and TV evening lighting, they are very similar, stage lighting in the absence of video and television participation, it is the color of the display, large-color color blocks, color changes determine the success of the party. With the participation of TV, it is the relationship of color temperature. The lamps used on the stage are often 3200K tungsten filaments, while the cameras are 3200K, 5600K color temperature. The camera is especially sensitive to red and blue colors. At this point we often The color is partial to the middle, unless there is a special effect because the camera is at 3200K, and we often turn on the camera's black battery for the clarity of the picture, as long as the picture is not grayed out, so the picture is clear and transparent. At the same time, we must pay attention to the reproducibility of color. This is also a little common sense of our own. Is it feasible or waiting for expert judgement? The commonality between stage lighting and TV lighting is to use lights to depict people and scenes, and to use the unique tool of lighting to set off the atmosphere and render the story. The difference is that the objects they serve are different. On the stage is a frame-like stage lighting, and the TV is shot in real time, which can be arbitrarily enlarged, as long as it is recordable in the lens. Regardless of the stage lighting and TV lighting design, the first thing must be to correctly grasp the position of the light, what kind of lighting position, what kind of information to convey, what to render, only to correctly grasp the different angles of the light, the light can play its soul.

In 2007, CCTV "Spring Festival Evening" and "Xiaocheng Yuxiang" is a combination of stage lighting art and TV perfection. Using the various methods of stage and TV, the projection does not park the pictures of the Jiangnan water town, and the scenes are constantly moving and combining. The location, the environment, the feeling of bringing the audience into the Jiangnan water town, coupled with the outstanding performance of the actors, the rhythm of the lights, the entire stage is clear, the message is very clear, such programs give the audience a beautiful enjoyment.

In short, the stage lighting and the TV lighting are connected. They can learn from each other and use the special effect light of the stage lighting for the TV. At the same time, the stage can also use the technology of TV and film to serve the stage. The "Little City Rain Lane" is well integrated. Mutual learning, mutual learning, and mutual complementation will definitely bring a better tomorrow to TV lighting art.